add post: k3s HA cluster install guide
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luochen570
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content/posts/k3s-cluster-install.md
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content/posts/k3s-cluster-install.md
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date: '2026-05-24T09:30:00+08:00'
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draft: false
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title: 'k3s 高可用集群安装与配置（国内镜像加速版）'
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tags:
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- k3s
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- kubernetes
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- tailscale
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- 运维
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categories:
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- 技术
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---
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## 前言
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本文记录在多台服务器上部署 k3s 高可用集群的完整过程，包括镜像加速配置、Tailscale VPN 组网、嵌入式镜像仓库等。
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<!--more-->
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## 环境准备
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### 节点规划
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| 节点角色 | 节点名 | IP | 系统 |
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|---------|--------|----|------|
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| Server (etcd + control-plane) | server-jz2 | 100.100.1.13 | Debian 13 |
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| Server (etcd + control-plane) | server-jz | 100.100.1.12 | Debian 13 |
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| Server (etcd + control-plane) | server-zen | 100.100.1.11 | Debian 13 |
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| Agent | agent-ali | 100.100.1.10 | Debian 12 |
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| Agent | agent-uc | 100.100.1.101 | Debian 12 |
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所有节点通过 Tailscale VPN 组网（100.100.x.x 网段）。
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### 安装 Server 节点
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#### 第一个 Server 节点（初始化集群）
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/k3s/k3s-install.sh | \
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INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn \
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K3S_NODE_NAME=server-jz2 \
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sh -s server \
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--embedded-registry \
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--data-dir /www/k3s \
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--cluster-init \
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--node-ip=100.100.1.13 \
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--advertise-address=100.100.1.13 \
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--tls-san=100.100.1.13 \
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--tls-san=8.152.2.199 \
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--vpn-auth="name=tailscale,joinKey=tskey-xxx"
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```
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关键参数说明：
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- `--embedded-registry`：启用内置镜像仓库（zot），本地缓存镜像
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- `--cluster-init`：初始化集群（仅第一个节点需要）
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- `--data-dir /www/k3s`：指定数据目录
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- `--tls-san`：添加 TLS 证书的 SAN（包括内网 IP 和公网 IP）
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- `--vpn-auth`：集成 Tailscale VPN
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安装完成后，获取节点 Token：
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```bash
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cat /www/k3s/server/node-token
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```
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#### 其余 Server 节点加入
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/k3s/k3s-install.sh | \
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INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn \
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K3S_NODE_NAME=server-jz \
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sh -s server \
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--embedded-registry \
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--data-dir /www/k3s \
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--token K101fe... \
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--server https://100.100.1.13:6443 \
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--node-ip=100.100.1.12 \
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--advertise-address=100.100.1.12 \
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--vpn-auth="name=tailscale,joinKey=tskey-xxx"
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```
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同样的方式加入第三个 Server 节点：
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/k3s/k3s-install.sh | \
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INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn \
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K3S_NODE_NAME=server-zen \
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sh -s server \
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--embedded-registry \
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--data-dir /www/k3s \
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--token K101fe... \
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--server https://100.100.1.13:6443 \
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--node-ip=100.100.1.11 \
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--advertise-address=100.100.1.11 \
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--vpn-auth="name=tailscale,joinKey=tskey-xxx"
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```
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### 安装 Agent 节点
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#### 海外 Agent
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | \
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K3S_NODE_NAME=agent-uc \
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K3S_URL=https://100.100.1.13:6443 \
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K3S_TOKEN=K101fe... \
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sh -s - agent \
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--node-ip=100.100.1.101 \
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--node-external-ip=100.100.1.101 \
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--vpn-auth="name=tailscale,joinKey=tskey-xxx"
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```
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#### 国内 Agent
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```bash
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curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/k3s/k3s-install.sh | \
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INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn \
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K3S_NODE_NAME=agent-ali \
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K3S_URL=https://100.100.1.13:6443 \
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K3S_TOKEN=K101fe... \
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sh -s - agent \
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--node-ip=100.100.1.10 \
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--node-external-ip=100.100.1.10 \
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--vpn-auth="name=tailscale,joinKey=tskey-xxx"
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```
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## 配置 Kubernetes 访问
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将 Server 节点的配置复制到本地：
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```bash
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cp /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml ~/.kube/config
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```
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通过环境变量指定配置：
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```bash
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export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
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kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
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helm ls --all-namespaces
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```
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## 配置镜像加速（国内源）
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在中国大陆部署时，镜像拉取是最大的痛点。通过配置 `registries.yaml` 可以解决：
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/rancher/k3s
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sudo cat > /etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml << 'EOF'
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mirrors:
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docker.io:
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endpoint:
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- "https://docker.1ms.run"
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- "https://docker.xuanyuan.me"
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- "https://docker.m.daocloud.io"
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- "https://docker.chenby.cn"
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- "https://registry.aliyuncs.com"
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- "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
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- "https://hub.luochen570.top"
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quay.io:
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endpoint:
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- "https://quay.m.daocloud.io"
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- "https://quay.tencentcloudcr.com"
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- "https://quay.registry.cyou"
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- "https://quay.chenby.cn"
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- "https://quay.luochen570.top"
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registry.k8s.io:
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endpoint:
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- "https://k8s.m.daocloud.io"
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- "https://registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers"
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- "https://registry.lank8s.cn"
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- "https://lank8s.cn"
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- "https://k8s.registry.cyou"
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- "https://k8s.chenby.cn"
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- "https://k8s.luochen570.top"
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ghcr.io:
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endpoint:
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- "https://ghcr.m.daocloud.io"
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- "https://ghcr.registry.cyou"
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- "https://ghcr.chenby.cn"
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- "https://ghcr.luochen570.top"
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EOF
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sudo systemctl restart k3s # 重启 Server
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sudo systemctl restart k3s-agent # 重启 Agent
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```
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每个镜像源都配置了多个备用 endpoint，按优先级依次尝试。
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## 卸载节点
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```bash
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# 卸载 Server 节点
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/usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
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# 卸载 Agent 节点
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/usr/local/bin/k3s-agent-uninstall.sh
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```
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## 验证集群
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集群安装完成后，可以运行以下命令验证：
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```bash
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kubectl get nodes
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kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
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```
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## 总结
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通过以上步骤，我们成功搭建了一个 3 Server + 2 Agent 的 k3s 高可用集群，特点包括：
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1. **高可用**：3 个控制平面节点，任何单节点故障不影响集群
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2. **国内加速**：配置了多个国内镜像源，解决拉取超时问题
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3. **嵌入式镜像仓库**：启用 `--embedded-registry`，提升镜像分发效率
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4. **Tailscale 组网**：通过 VPN 实现跨地域节点互联
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5. **灵活的 Agent 部署**：国内和海外节点使用不同的安装源
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